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Botanical imperialism involves the applying the premise of biotechnics for the benefit of the British Empire, rather than for mankind as a whole. In this, Banks was a primary motivator of British biological imperialism during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.

In particular, Banks helped promote successful biological imperialism through the expansion and development of a collection of scientific gardens. From the Royal Kew Gardens in Britain Banks oversaw the distribution and exchange of valuable biological resources for the benefit of Britain.