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Sir Joseph Banks
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Joseph Banks, circa 1772, by Sir Joshua Reynolds |
Sir Joseph Banks (1744-1820) achieved fame for a variety of reasons. He first came to public knowledge as the botanist on Captain James Cook's first world voyage (1768-1771). During the course of the Endeavour's trip Banks collected, described, and sampled a wide variety of biological species, many previously undiscovered. It was probably during this time that his ideas on the application of biological resources for the benefit of British imperialism crystalized, although there are indications that Banks had a firm awareness of the importance of commercially important species before this, as can be seen from the journal he kept during his earlier trip to Newfoundland in 1766.
Upon returning Banks was presented to King George III with Captain Cook. A friendship between Banks and the King soon was formed and the two men frequently met socially to discuss natural history. It is believed that many of the ventures in biological imperialism supported by the King may have seen their origin in such casual conversations between Banks and George.
Once elected President of the Royal Society (1778) Banks' influence grew enormously. He corresponded with scientists, explorers, inventors, scholars, military officers, and nobility from around the world. His voluminous communications allowed him access to huge stores of knowledge about the natural world, knowledge which Banks could put to work for the benefit of the British Empire.