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reference lists

Once you have created all the necessary references, take a moment to make sure that each citation that you have included in the text of your paper appears in your reference, and vice-versa.

After you have ensured that all references are accounted for, you should alphabetize your reference list by the first word of each entry. This will most often refer to an author's surname, but in the absence of a specified author will refer to the title of a source.

The following are some of the basic guidelines that should be taken into account when creating a reference list:

  • The reference list should appear at the end of your paper, on its own page. This page should be labelled as "References," and this title should be centered.
  • The reference list should be double spaced throughout, similar to the rest of the document
  • Subsequent lines of an individual reference should be indented
  • If two sources are included that are written by the same author, the source that was published first should be referenced first
  • Personal communications, (ie. Interviews and emails) should NOT be included in the reference list
  • Page numbers should be included for articles (newspapers, journals, etc.) and book sections
  • If available, a resource that was accessed electronically should be referenced with its digital object identifier (doi). If no doi is assigned, include the home page URL in the following format:

              Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxx.......



University of Alberta   |   Department of Psychology   |   2010   |   Credits to...